I whanau mai i te pea. I noho ia i raro o te maru o nga mihinare i a ia e tamariki tonu ana i te kura mihinare i Kerikeri. I iriritia hei karaitiana i te tau ka mau i te ingoa Hone. Self Determination Heke spoke persuasively in favour of signing an agreement with the British.
But he, along with many other Maori in the north, soon became disillusioned. He saw that government actions were undermining rangatiratanga chiefly authority. In , Heke wrote to the Governor demanding the removal of British authority over Maori affairs. The focus of his protest was the British flag flying at Kororareka Russell. He had the flagstaff there cut down four times. War broke out between Heke and his allies and government forces. The fighting showed the government what formidable warriors their troops were up against.
Te Tino rangatiratanga I korero tino kaha a Heke ki te tautoko i te hainatanga o te whakaaetanga me te Pakeha. I kite ia i nga mahi a te kawanatanga e whakaiti ana i to ratou tino rangatiratanga.
I te tau ka whakahau atu a Heke ki te Kawana kia whakakoretia te mana o Ingarangi. E wha nga wa i porohia e ia. I kite te kawanatanga i te toa me te kaha o nga taua pakanga a Heke. I te mutunga ka tau te rangimarie, engari ka whawhai tonu a Heke ke te akiaki i te tino rangatiratanga mai i nga huihuinga me to tuhituhi ki te kawanatanga.
I mate ia i te tau Summary Hone Heke was the missionary-educated nephew of the famous and fearsome Maori warrior chief Hongi Hika, who terrorised many tribes throughout the north of New Zealand in the early s. Hone Heke was an influential Maori voice in favour of the Treaty of Waitangi, and was the first Maori chief to sign the Treaty in In , he led a revolt against the British by chopping down their flagpole, the most fundamental symbol of authority.
Despite new poles and more guards, Hone Heke chopped down the pole down three more times! Maori were the first people to colonise New Zealand, arriving from Polynesia in canoes sometime prior to In , lawlessness by sailors, escaped convicts and adventurers from Australia, coupled with growing fears of French annexation of New Zealand, prompted missionary William Yate to help 13 Maori chiefs prepare a letter to King William IV of England, asking for his protection.
The British Crown acknowledged the petition and promised protection. In , the British Government appointed James Busby as its official resident to protect Maori, the growing number of British settlers and its own trade interest. Busby arrived in May and built a house on land at Waitangi, just a few kilometres from Kerikeri. Cosmopolitan Kororareka was the seat of the troubles of north New Zealand; its flagstaff was the putake o te riri, in Maori phrase—the root and fount of the wars.
And Hone Heke , one-time mission pupil, malcontent, and rebel general, played as bold a part in the drama of our early days as ever the patriotic Mataafa enacted in his little world under Upolu's palms in the last two decades of the nineteenth century.
Hone Heke 's character was curiously composite—a mingling of passionate patriotism, ambition, bravado, vanity, and a shrewdness sharpened by his partial civilization. Heke foresaw more clearly than most of his countrymen the fatal consequences to the Maori of white colonization and the flooding of the country with an alien population who would regard the native New Zealander with none of the sympathy entertained for him by the long-settled missionaries. For the mission people, of whatever denomination, Ngapuhi, like most other tribes in , cherished feelings of deep regard; they knew that those devoted men and women had not come to the Maori islands to make profit out of the natives' ignorance of trade values.
Many a coast trader, timber-miller, and settler, too, were held in high estimation by the tribes of the North; they had won the affections of the chiefs and people by their fair methods of business, and by kindly services in times of sickness and sorrow. But the numerous speculators and land-seekers who landed in north New Zealand by every vessel after the hoisting of the British flag furnished them with an argument for a policy of exclusion, for it seemed even then to keen-visioned men like Heke that the wholesale immigration of so strong a race must in years to come inundate the chieftainship of the Maori.
From a pencil drawing by J. Gilfillan ] Hone Heke. At the same time, there were whites whom Ngapuhi and Te Rarawa and their kin desired strongly to encourage for reasons of self-interest.
These were the captains and crews of the whale-ships—the men who were chiefly responsible at once for the material prosperity and the moral deterioration of the northern tribes. The whaleships supplied practically the whole of the trade of the Bay of Islands and Mangonui, as the kauri timber ships did that of Hokianga; and the decrease in this trade directly following the establishment of British sovereignty went far to convince Heke and Pomare, and the many others who lived to a large extent on the profits accruing from the visits of shipping, that the old regime, when every man made his own laws, was preferable to the new order.
He died without issue; but his elder brother, Tuhirangi, of Kaikohe, begat Hone Ngapua , who married Niu, who gave birth in to Hone Heke the Second, who came while yet a very young man to represent the Northern Maori Electorate in the New Zealand House of Representatives.
Three years later he was one of the Ngapuhi men, under Titore, who sailed their war-canoes down the coast to Tauranga, where they attacked Otumoetai and other pas. Heke was wounded in the neck in this expedition. In he took a leading part in the fighting against Pomare and Te Mau-Paraoa, whose stockaded pa destroyed by the British troops in stood on Otuihu, a prominent place on the cliffs above the entrance to the Waikare and Kawakawa arms of Tokerau, and about six miles from Kororareka Town.
Henry Williams afterwards Archdeacon of Waimate , and the respect and affection for the missionaries then engendered in his mind remained a distinguishing feature of his otherwise turbulent character. It was at Paihia that he learned something of the history of the outer world—a smattering of knowledge which he turned to shrewd account in his arguments with the Government a few years later.
The portrait of Hone Heke is an index to his character. His nose, though not the predatory ihu-kaka, or strong hook-nose, that distinguished some great Maori leaders, was prominent and well-shapen; his prominent jaws and chin denoted firmness and resolution. The old Kaikohe natives of to-day speak of Heke's kauae-roa, his long chin, as the salient character of his face.
He was tattooed, but not with the full design of moko, such as that borne by his great kinsman and antagonist, Tamati Waka Nene. Heke's dissatisfaction with the state of maritime trade after is scarcely to be wondered at, seeing that in addition to the returns from the sale of food-supplies to the whalemen he had collected a kind of Customs dues from visiting ships. They collected their dues from the ships outside the anchorage, boarding them in their canoes before Tapeka Point was rounded.
Many ships sailed up to the anchorages off Wahapu and Otuihu, in the passage to the Kawakawa and Waikare, and here Pomare collected his toll from each ship, for he was the paramount chief of the inner waters. Pomare also was the principal agent in the disreputable but profitable business of supplying girls as temporary wives to the crews of the whaleships during their stay in port.
This was a leading line of Maori traffic with the shipping in unscrupulous old Kororareka and Otuihu, which not even the strong mission influence could extirpate. In , in a Government Ordinance, Customs duties were set forth in a brief schedule. All spirits, British, paid 4s. Tobacco, after the 1st January, , was to pay 1s. In firearms were taxed 30 per cent.
And when the storekeeper had passed on the increases to his customers, with no doubt a considerable extra margin of profit for the Maori trade, the warrior who came in to renew his supply of whiri, or twist tobacco, to purchase a new blanket or a musket, or to lay by a store of lead for moulding into bullets, received the clearest proof that the Treaty which he had signed had not improved his condition of life. To this concrete evidence of trade depression was added a vague but widely diffused belief that the Treaty of Waitangi was merely a ruse of the pakeha, and that it was the secret intention of the whites, so soon as they became strong enough, to seize upon the lands of the Maori.
This report, the news of French aggression in Tahiti and Raiatea, Fitzroy's vacillating land policy, and simmering resentment over the execution of Maketu in for the murder of the Robertson family on Motu-arohia Island, all went to fan a war feeling among the Ngapuhi.
It was in that Heke came to the decision to use the setting-up of the flagstaff and the driving-away of the whalers as a take, or pretext. Shortly, he made a raid upon Kororareka with a strong war-party, on a taua muru, or punitive plundering expedition. This excursion seems to have been devised chiefly with a view to testing the temper of the whites and ascertaining what resistance he was likely to meet with in his campaign against the kara, the colours on Maiki Hill.
The taua was by way of retaliation for an insult, serious in Maori eyes, offered by a woman in the township. This woman was Kotiro, a native of Taranaki, who had been led away captive by Ngapuhi fifteen years previously. Manage consent. Close Privacy Overview This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website.
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