As benign masses most veterinarians elect not to routinely remove, lipomas are considered relatively inexpensive compared to other lumps. Surgical removal, however, can prove pricey -- especially given that these tumors have a high degree of post-op complications.
There is no known mode of prevention for lipomas. J Am Vet Med Assoc JSAP J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 48 4 Int J Dermatol J Small Anim Practice Vet Pathol Vet Radiol Ultrasound J Small Anim Pract J Comp Pathos 1 J Vet Diagn Invest 20 3 In: Wallace B M editor.
Cancer in Dogs and Cats, medical and surgical management. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Discussion This study based on veterinary clinical records estimated a one-year period prevalence of 1. This is lower than the results of an owner questionnaire study evaluating pedigree dogs in the UK registered with The Kennel Club KC that reported a 4.
In consequence, however benign that lipomas may behave clinically, it is likely that owners find these masses as highly noteworthy and even alarming, and therefore, veterinarians should be especially explicit in their explanations of the significance of these masses to clients. The current study focused specific interest in breed-risk factors and provided strong evidence of breed predilections for lipoma.
Indeed, the Gundog Group was the only Kennel Club group with increased odds of lipoma, showing 2. It is possible that these dual working demands selected for specific adipose characteristics; for example, with differing propositions of isoforms of adipose uncoupling proteins or ratio of brown to white fat.
It is also noteworthy that many of the predisposed breeds share a similar body conformation: medium-to-large body size, barrel chest and tapered abdomen and a smooth hair coat.
To date in the veterinary literature, the majority of breed-focussed disease studies have reported only positive predisposition to disease. This approach supports the identification of breeds with increased risk of disease that may undergo breed health reforms to try to breed away from some risk attributes.
Greater understanding of why certain breeds or dog types do not get disease may offer as much, if not more, welfare progress than tunnel-vision focus on the predilected breeds. These protected breeds do not include a single Gundog Group breed and have noticeably different body conformation to the predisposed breeds, tending to be smaller in bodysize and to have less pronounced proportional difference between the thorax and abdomen.
Further research the genetics of adipose, and differential fat function and accumulation across the predisposed and protected dog breeds identified in the current study is warranted and may lead to substantial new discovery of lipoma pathogenetic pathways.
Body condition score data were not available in the current study so no conclusive inference can be drawn from these results on associations between obesity and lipoma. This variable allowed the effect of low versus high adult bodyweight to be assessed after taking into account breed and sex. Dogs weighing at or above the mean for their breed and sex had 1. This approach is also supported by published evidence of predisposition to obesity in some of the breeds that were also identified with high odds of lipoma in the current study including Cocker Spaniel 24 and Labrador Retrievers.
This may reflect a true increase in odds of cellular metaplasia or neoplasia with increasing bodyweight. Osteosarcoma in dogs has similarly been linked to increasing bodyweight, although the biological mechanisms may be different for the different neoplasms.
Advancing age has previously been identified as a risk factor for neoplasia in general. The current study reports the median age of lipomas cases was The odds of lipoma also increased markedly as dogs aged, with dogs aged nine years having There is a strong case to be made that lipoma should be included as one of the accepted common diseases of aging in dogs.
In humans, the incidence of lipomas is increased in patients with obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. The influences of sex hormones on tumour development is complex; neuter status has been reported with differing effects on different tumour types and to influence the risk of developing both genital and non-genital neoplasia.
However, Rottweilers undergoing early gonadectomy before 12 months of age were reported at increased risk of osteosarcoma. The current study identified reduced risk of lipoma in entire females and entire males compared with neutered females and neutered males, even after taking age into account.
This could indicate some protective effects of female and male sex hormones. However, post-neutering changes in fat distribution and decreased energy requirements have been demonstrated and the effects of neutering on lipoma risk may be mediated by obesity as a confounder rather than directly. This association is likely to reflect increased diagnostic recognition mediated by owner and financial factors rather than any intrinsic increased disease risk in insured dogs.
Relaxation on financial constraints to presentation for veterinary care, diagnostic procedures and surgical management through insurance has similarly been shown to increase diagnostic probability in many other conditions.
This study was limited by the use of externally recorded clinical data which may have led to some disease status misclassification. This study may have underrepresented lipoma because true cases that were not presented for veterinary care during were not included as cases. Alternatively, lipoma could be over-represented because the study did not require laboratory confirmation of lipoma cases; although the characteristic presenting phenotype of lipoma cases suggests that diagnosis based on clinical examination alone is likely to have a high positive predictive value.
Conclusions Lipoma is confirmed as a common clinical diagnosis with a one-year prevalence of 1. Strong breed associations for both lipoma predisposition and protection were identified that can assist with breed health reforms as well as contributing to the basic scientific understanding of lipoma development. Heavier, older, neutered and insured dogs also had higher odds of diagnosis.
Lipoma detection should be included as a routine part of veterinary clinical exanimation, especially in breeds identified as high-risk here. Which cell types comprise lipomas? Adipocytes b. Lymphocytes c. Leucocytes d. Kupffer cells e. Weimaraner b. Dobermann Pinscher c.
German Pointer d. Springer Spaniel e. Labrador Retriever. Labrador Retriever Answers: 1a, 2d, 3c, 4a, 5b. Lipoma in dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK: prevalence and breed associations.
Canine Genetics and Epidemiology, 5 1 , 9. Search - JiFile. Small Animal. Small animal - April Download as PDF. Lipoma in dogs: how common are they and what breeds are affected? A computed tomography CT or magnetic resonance imaging MRI may be needed to understand the mass and tissue location before surgery can be completed.
Because lipomas are not usually dangerous, your vet may recommend against surgery , which may be far riskier than the growth itself.
This is especially true for older dogs who may not cope well with surgery. If you think your pet is affected by a lipoma, then certain toxins in their food, medication, or their environment may be to blame. We are more than just an animal hospital. Call for more information about our specialty services on site, available 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
Lipomas and Lumps on Dogs: Common Causes. Drugs and chemicals When you go to animal hospitals and emergency veterinarians, your dog will get treated for issues like fleas, ticks, heartworm, and other parasites that can harm your dog the female flea can lay up to 2, eggs in her lifetime!
Diagnosing Lipomas in Dogs Most lipomas are diagnosed during routine pet wellness visits.
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